Under waterlogged conditions, plants exhibit morphological changes, including the formation of adventitious roots and the development of aeration tissues to enhance oxygen transport. This review also highlighted effective strategies to improve plant tolerance to waterlogging.

Potential management strategies that can be utilized to alleviate the stress brought on by soil waterlogging include the adoption of waterlogging-tolerant varieties, altering administration practices, improving permeability, and putting adaptive nutritional monitoring systems into place.

When plants are subjected to waterlogging, the oxygen supply in their roots is diminished, leading to hypoxic or anoxic conditions. To adapt to these conditions, plants go through a variety of physiological, morphological, and biochemical changes.

Discover how plants develop water roots, aerenchyma, and waxy coatings to survive in waterlogged environments. Learn these oxygen-stress survival strategies to prevent root rot in your plants.

Trim any affected areas to promote healing, then establish a new watering schedule based on your plant’s specific needs. Avoid overwatering by ensuring proper drainage and monitoring soil moisture regularly.

Under waterlogging conditions, oxygen depletion in the soil injures roots, limiting their ability to uptake nutrients and water. In response, plants close their stomata to prevent water loss, leading to a subsequent reduction in photosynthesis.

The challenges posed by waterlogged soils are multifaceted. Oxygen deficiency in waterlogged soil hinders root respiration and nutrient uptake, leading to reduced crop yields.

Plants survive waterlogged soil by creating air‑filled aerenchyma channels that transport oxygen from shoots to roots, by opening lenticels and producing adventitious roots to increase gas exchange, and by switching to anaerobic metabolism such as ethanol fermentation when oxygen is unavailable.

In this review, recent advances in studies on the effects of waterlogging stress and the mechanisms of waterlogging tolerance in plants are presented, and the genetic differences in waterlogging tolerance among plant species or genotypes within a species are illustrated.

Waterlogging is a major abiotic stress affecting plant growth and productivity. Regardless of rainfall or irrigated environments, plants frequently face waterlogging, which may range from short-term to prolonged durations.