The Khmer Rouge ruled the country and carried out the Cambodian genocide from 1975 until 1979, until they were ousted during the Cambodian–Vietnamese War.

The Khmer (Cambodian) empire reached its apex in the 12th century, a time marked by the construction of the massive temple complexes known as Angkor Wat and Bayon and the imperial capital of Angkor Thom.

Lon Nol remained in power in part because none of the others were prepared to take his place. On 9 October, the Cambodian monarchy was formally abolished, and the country was renamed the Khmer Republic. In 1972, a constitution was adopted, a parliament elected, and Lon Nol became president.

Like most other Cambodian kings, however, he also tolerated and patronized Hinduism and local ancestor cults. His extraordinary temple, the Bayon, with its multiple towers, each bearing faces of divinities turned in the cardinal directions, is perhaps the most intriguing of the monuments at Angkor.

Cambodian culture is a unique blend of indigenous animism and the Indian religions of Buddhism and Hinduism. Cambodians have developed a distinctive Khmer identity and civilization over nearly two millennia, which is reflected in their language, arts, architecture, cuisine, and customs.

Many Cambodian newspapers and private broadcasters depend on support from political parties. Prime Minister Hun Sen and his allies control several outlets.

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It is enshrined as the state religion under the constitution and profoundly shapes Cambodian culture, daily life, social values, and the annual calendar of festivals. The community and family are prioritized over the individual — a worldview closely aligned with Buddhist principles.

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