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Solvent, substance, ordinarily a liquid, in which other materials dissolve to form a solution. Polar solvents (e.g., water) favor formation of ions; nonpolar ones (e.g., hydrocarbons) do not. Solvents may be predominantly acidic, predominantly basic, amphoteric (both), or aprotic (neither).

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In chemistry, solvents – which are generally in liquid form – are used to dissolve, suspend or extract other materials, usually without chemically changing either the solvents or the other materials.

作为名词时，其一（化学）指溶剂，一种能够溶解其他物质的液体[9-15][20][24]，例如“Water is a solvent for salt.” [15]或“All organic solvents were of analytical grade.” [10]；其二（引申义）指解决方法或解释[11][14-15]。

Solvents, as chemicals that dissolve solutes and form solutions, facilitate many reactions. They are used for everything from extractions to dry cleaning to paints and much more.

Solvents are important in chemistry, biology, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications. Solvent Examples The most common solvent is water, but we encounter many other solvents in daily life. This table identifies the solvent in familiar solutions: Solution

There is a very wide range of products containing what we call "sniffable" solvents, and of shops that sell them.

However, you may still want to know what sorts of things are likely to be solvents, if only so that you can safely ignore them when trying to sort out how the reactant gets to the product. The following table sums up a number of the most common solvents, displayed from most polar at the top to least polar at the bottom.

Information on the properties of common solvents used in organic chemistry including boiling points, solubility, density, dielectric constants, and flash points

参考资料 编辑 ^ Stoye, Dieter, Solvents, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2005, doi:10.1002/14356007.a24_437